Digital Transmission Hierarchies and Networks: PDH, SDH and OTH

P V Sreekanth

ISBN: 9788173716997 | Year: 2010 | Paperback | Pages: 560 | Language : English

Book Size: 180 x 240 mm | Territorial Rights: World

Price: 1650.00

Digital Transmission Hierarchies and Networks is one of the very few books dealing with all the three generations of digital multiplexing hierarchies, namely plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and optical transport hierarchy (OTH) in a full-fledged manner. Perhaps it is the only book demystifying the complex processes of justification and frame formation in PDH, pointer operations, concatenation and synchronisation in SDH and management overhead structures for digital wrapper and optical channel layers in OTH. The book covers the reliability and survivability aspects of the networks, applications like Ethernet, multi-protocol label switching (MPLS), VoIP over SDH, multi-protocol wavelength switching (MPλS), gigabit MPLS over OTN, passive optical network (PON), GPON and next generation switching network (NGN).

The depth of coverage of topics in the book offers a thorough understanding of digital transmission hierarchies, which students of communications engineering as well as practising engineers and professionals dealing with OFC projects will find useful for the insight it provides on both the practical and the conceptual aspects of networking.

P V Sreekanth received his BE in electronics and communications engineering from Osmania University and his MTech, with specialisation in communications, from IIT Chennai. As an officer of the Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers (IRSSE), he has 16 years of experience of working on various railway signalling and telecom projects. He has also served as a faculty member at IRISET (Indian Railway Institute of Signal Engineering and Telecommunications), Secunderabad. At present, he is General Manager (Operations & Maintenance), RailTel, Secunderabad. His published works include nine papers in national and international journals and two books: Digital Microwave Communications Systems (with selected topics on mobile communication) published by Universities Press, and Railway Signalling Installation and Quality Handbook, prepared for the exclusive use of the Indian Railways.

List of Abbreviations
Preface
Acknowledgements
Prologue
PART I: PDH SYSTEMS

The Three Theorems of IT and Their Outcome
    Overview of Digital Transmission Systems
    The Three Theorems of IT
    Transmission Capacities of Various Media
    The Role of Multiplexing
The Multiplexing Process and Its Evolution
    Fundamentals of Digital Multiplexing Process
    Characteristics of Various Traffics
    Time Sharing in N Channel Multiplexing
    How CCITT (ITU) Pioneered Evolution of Digital Multiplexing
    Three Generations of Digital Multiplexing
PCM – The Entry Point
    Basics of PCM Process
    Exploring the PCM Process
    Exploring E1 Frame Structure
    Limitations of Normal Primary MUX
    Add–Drop and Other Superior Features for Thin Routes
    How Superior Features are Achieved
    Functions of Vital Modules of Add–Drop Programmable MUX
PDH MUX-DEMUX Process
    Multiplexing Methodology in PDH
    ITU-T Recommendations Relevant to PDH Systems
    Multiplexing E1s to Form E2
    Demultiplexing E2
    Multiplexing E2s to Form E3
    Demultiplexing E3
    Multiplexing E3s to Form E4
    Demultiplexing E4

PDH Network Reliability Issues

    Introduction
    System Design Considerations in Tackling Noise
    Tackling ISI
    Jitter in PDH Networks
    ITU-T Recommendations Regarding Control of Jitter and Wander
    ITU-T Recommendations Regarding Jitter Measurement
    Jitter Accumulation
    Jitter Reduction Techniques

PART II: SDH SYSTEMS

Evolution of SDH

    What Led to the Evolution of SDH ?
    Inadequacies of PDH
    Guided Light Guides SDH Evolution
    Bell and the Baby Bells Story
    How SDH Was Lapped Up
    STS-1 Frame of SONET

Multiplexing Process in SDH

    Requirements of SDH Frame
    Concept of Regenerator Section, Multiplexer Section and Path
    Description of SDH Frames
    Concept of Containers
    Pointers
    Mapping PDH Signals
    Mapping ATM
    Structure of STM-N Frame
    Concept of Concatenation
    Synchronisation in SDH Network
    Alarm and Error Processing within an NE

SDH Network Elements and Network

    Principles of SDH NE Design
    Types of Optical Interfaces on SDH NE
    Specifications for Optical Interfaces and Their Explanation
    SDH Network Topology and Protection Mechanisms
    Network Protection Objectives
    Protection for IP Networks
    Element Management and Network Management
    ASON (Automatically Switched Optical Network)

Applications of SDH Network

    Introduction
    LAN to LAN Transport or Ethernet over SDH
    MPLS over SDH Network
    Internet Backbone Connectivity
    VoIP on SDH Network
    What is VoIP?
    Evolution of NGN Switch
    Signalling and Control Protocol for NGN Switch: ITU-T Rec.H.248/Megaco
    SDH Support for NGN Switch Interconnection

Reliability Issues in SDH Networks

    Introduction
    Network Limits for Output Jitter and Wander at Any Hierarchical Interface
    Network Limits for Jitter and Wander at Synchronisation Interfaces
    Jitter and Wander Tolerance for Input Ports
    Intrinsic Jitter
    Jitter and Wander Transfer Function
    Impairments and Interruptions Related to Jitter and BER
    Design of Survivable and Resilient Multi-Ring SDH Networks

PART III: OTH SYSTEMS

WDM Essentials
    Introduction to WDM
    Principle of WDM
    WDM Varieties
    ITU-T Grid for WDM
    WDM Transmitters
    Optical Amplifiers
    WDM Receivers
    Optical Switches
    Wavelength Converters
    Add–Drop Approaches in WDM

Essentials of OTH

    Introduction
    Overview of Transmission Process Using OTH across OTN
    Network Entities and Transport Structures in OTH
    Details of Framing and Overheads
    Maintenance Signals
    Scrambling

Mapping Client Signals in OTH
    Mapping of Client Signals – The Scope
    Mapping of STM Signals
    Mapping of ATM Cell Stream into OPUk
    Mapping of GFP Frames into OPUk
    Mapping of Test Signal into OPUk
    Mapping of Non-Specific Client Bit Stream into OPUk
    Concatenation of OPUk
    Mapping of Client Signals into OPUk-Xv
    Mapping of ODUk Signals into ODTUGjk

Optical Transport Networks and Applications
    Introduction
    Architectural Features of OTN
    Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
    Optical Amplifier
    OADM
    Optical Cross-Connect (OXC)
    Multi Protocol Lambda Switching (MPëS)
    GMPLS over OTN
    Fibre Access Network and OTN Support
    OTN and NGN
Reliability and Survivability Issues
    Introduction
    Network Limits for the Maximum Output Jitter and Wander at an OTUk Interface           
    Jitter and Wander Tolerance of OTUk Interface
    Intrinsic Jitter
    Jitter Transfer Requirement of ODUk, OTUk
    Effect of OTN on the Distribution of Synchronisation via STM-N Clients
    Network Survivability through Optical Layer Protection
    Dynamic Control and Management of Optical Network through ASON
    Open Fibre Control Protocol for Optical Safety and Automatic Restart

Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C


Index
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